The AP (8/2, Tanner) reports that research published in JAMA Surgery “suggests many surgery patients often end up with leftover opioid” pain medications and “store the remaining” tablets “improperly at home.”

Reuters (8/2, Cohen) reports that investigators found that in “six earlier studies, 67 percent to 92 percent of patients who were prescribed opioids following surgery reported winding up with leftover” medication. Meanwhile, “five studies found that only one in four patients reported storing opioids in a locked location.”

Related Links:

— “LEFTOVER OPIOIDS ARE A COMMON DILEMMA FOR SURGERY PATIENTS,” LINDSEY TANNER, Associated Press, August 2, 2017.

HealthDay (8/2, Reinberg) reports that expectant mothers who take prescription opioid analgesics plus psychiatric medications “for depression or anxiety have a 30 to 60 percent greater risk of giving birth to an infant” with neonatal abstinence syndrome “than those taking opioids alone, researchers found.” What’s more, “use of two or more psychiatric drugs in addition to opioids was associated with a twofold increased risk of infant withdrawal,” the study revealed. Included in the study were data on some 200,000 pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid who had “received a prescription for an opioid” medication. The findings were published online Aug. 2 in the BMJ.

According to Medscape (8/2, Kuehn), the authors of an accompanying editorial wrote, “As the US opioid epidemic accelerates in complexity, there is an urgent need to focus resources on this issue, including expansion of research funding for drug safety in pregnancy and improvement of outcomes for mothers and infants affected by opioid use disorder, more funding for prevention of the disorder, and an expansion of treatment options for affected mothers and their infants.”

Related Links:

— “Is Infant Drug Withdrawal Likelier When Opioids Used With Psychiatric Drugs?,” Steven Reinberg, HealthDay, August 2, 2017.

Reuters (8/2, Seaman) reports, “People should opt for face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] if they’re looking for the fastest way to address their binge eating disorder,” researchers concluded.

Healio (8/2, Oldt) reports, “In-person cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] was more effective than internet-based guided self-help for binge-eating disorder in overweight or obese adults,” researchers found after conducting a “randomized clinical trial among 178 adult volunteers with full or subsyndromal binge-eating disorder from seven university-based outpatient clinics.” The findings were published online Aug. 2 in JAMA Psychiatry.

Related Links:

— “Face-to-face therapy best to treat binge eating disorder,” Andrew M. Seaman, Reuters, August 2, 2017.

Healio (8/1, Oldt) reports that teenagers “were more than twice as likely to abuse inhalants in 2015 than adults,” a report from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) found after analyzing “data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health for individuals aged 12 to 17 years.” The report can be accessed here.

Related Links:

— “Inhalant abuse twice as common in adolescents vs. adults,” Lipari RN, Healio, August 1, 2017.

In “To Your Health,” the Washington Post (7/31, Murgia) reports that the season finale of the Netflix TV series “13 Reasons Why” in which a 17-year-old girl kills herself may “have triggered suicidal thoughts in its viewers, many of whom are young people.” Researchers found that “overall,” Internet “suicide queries were 19 percent higher in the 19 days following the series’ release, reflecting 900,000 to 1.5 million more searches than expected.” The findings were published online July 31 as a research letter in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Reuters (7/31, Rapaport) reports that Kimberly McManama O’Brien, PhD, LICSW, “co-author of an accompanying editorial (7/31) and a psychiatry researcher at Harvard Medical School in Boston,” said in an email to Reuters, “The choice to graphically depict the suicide death of the star of the series was a controversial decision.” O’Brien added, “Research has shown that pictures or detailed descriptions of how or where a person died by suicide can be a factor in vulnerable individuals.”

Also covering the story are the Washington Times (7/31, Kelly), the AP (7/31, Tanner), AFP (7/31), TIME (7/31, Schrobsdorff), HealthDay (7/31, Mozes), Healio (7/31, Tedesco), and Medical Daily (7/31, Delzo).

Related Links:

— “A million more web searches about suicide after ‘13 Reasons Why’,” Lisa Rappaport, Reuters, July 31, 2017.

In its “Shots” blog and on its “Morning Edition” program, NPR (7/31, Neighmond, Greenhalgh) reports that while boys, who are diagnosed with autism 4.5 time more frequently than girls, “appear to be more vulnerable to the disorder,” there is “some evidence that the gender gap may not be as wide as it appears.” Autism specialist and psychiatrist Louis Kraus, a psychiatrist at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, explained “that’s because the symptoms of autism are often less obvious in girls than they are in boys. Girls can be better at blending in.”

Related Links:

— “‘Social Camouflage’ May Lead To Underdiagnosis Of Autism In Girls,” Patti Neighmond and Jane Greenlaigh, NPR, July 31, 2017.

USA Today (7/31, Estepa) reports that the White House’s Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis “called for a national emergency over the opioid epidemic in a report released Monday.” The interim report from the commission described the crisis as “unparalleled,” and said that by declaring a national emergency, “President Trump’s cabinet would be able to take action and would force Congress to find funding for solutions.” The report states, “It would also awaken every American to this simple fact: If this scourge has not found you or your family yet, without bold action by everyone, it soon will. … You, Mr. President, are the only person who can bring this type of intensity to the emergency and we believe you have the will to do so and to do so immediately.”

The New York Times (7/31, Goodnough, Subscription Publication) says the panel also “proposed waiving a federal rule that sharply limits the number of Medicaid recipients who can receive residential addiction treatment.” In addition, it recommended “expanding access to medications that help treat opioid addiction, requiring ‘prescriber education initiatives’ and providing model legislation for states to allow a standing order for anyone to receive naloxone, a drug used to reverse opioid overdoses.”

The Washington Post (7/31, Ingraham) reports the commission’s report’s recommendations include “encouraging the development of non-opioid pain relievers,” broadening “good Samaritan” laws, and “mandating that every local law enforcement officer in the nation carry naloxone.”

Related Links:

— “Commission urges President Trump to declare emergency over opioid crisis,” Jessica Estepa, USA Today, July 31, 2017.

Lester Holt reported on NBC Nightly News (7/31, story 4, 2:15, Holt) that a “startling new report” from federal health officials shows that “in 2015, nearly 92 million American adults used a prescription opioid.” More than “11 million reported misusing opioids, and nearly two million said they were addicted.” Anne Thompson added that “almost half of those who misuse opioids get them from family and friends.”

Reuters (7/31, Seaman) reports the study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, estimated that “about 38 percent of U.S. adults were prescribed an opioid in 2015,” about five percent of US adults were misusing opioids, and about one percent of adults had an opioid use disorder. Study coauthor and National Institute on Drug Abuse deputy director Dr. Wilson Compton said, “A very large proportion and large number of adults use these medications in a given year.” He added, “I was still a bit surprised that 38 percent or about 92 million people used prescription opioids in 2015.”

The Washington Post (7/31, Humphreys) reports the study also found “that opioid misuse and addiction are now as prevalent in urban areas and suburbs as they are in rural ones.” However, “rural areas face unique challenges regarding prescription opioids,” including few “health-care professionals who can treat addicted patients” and long distances for first responders to travel.

Related Links:

— “More than a third of US adults prescribed opioids in 2015,” Andrew M Seaman, Reuters, July 31, 2017.

NBC Nightly News (7/28, story 6, 1:40, Holt) reported that the Food and Drug Administration made “new moves…in the battle to get more people to kick the habit” by making “tobacco products less addictive by cutting the nicotine.”

The Washington Post (7/28, McGinley, Wan) reported in “To Your Health” that the effort “would be the first time the government has tried to get the Americans to quit cigarettes by reaching beyond warning labels or taxes to attacking the actual addictive substance inside.” The agency also “rolled out a second major announcement at the same time: It is delaying for several years a key regulation” that requires agency approval of e-cigarettes and cigars. FDA Commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb “said both actions are part of a comprehensive plan to eventually wean smokers off conventional cigarettes and steer them toward less harmful alternative forms of nicotine like vaping.” The article mentions research on low-nicotine cigarettes funded by the National Institutes of Health that conclude “that lower-nicotine cigarettes could indeed wean smokers of the habit and prompt them to quit.”

The New York Times (7/29, A13, Kaplan, Subscription Publication) reported that the regulations delayed by the FDA “could have removed many” e-cigarettes from the market. Now, the FDA’s new strategy “opened the door to endorsing e-cigarettes as a means to get smokers to quit.” In an interview, Dr. Gottlieb said, “We do think there’s a potential opportunity for e-cigarettes to be a lower-risk alternative to smokers who want to quit combustible cigarettes. We still have to figure out if they are a way to get people off combustible cigarettes. We don’t fully understand.”

The AP (7/28, Johnson) reported that under the new strategy, e-cigarette markers will have four more years “to comply with a review of products already on the market.” The FDA also “intends to write rules that balance safety with e-cigarettes’ role in helping smokers quit.” Dr. Gottlieb “said he has asked the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products to explore whether lowering nicotine could create a black market for higher nicotine products and what role e-cigarettes and other products play in reducing harm from smoking.” He “also wants new rules to address flavored tobacco products and kids.”

Related Links:

— “FDA TO TARGET ADDICTIVE LEVELS OF NICOTINE IN CIGARETTES,” CARLA K. JOHNSON, Associated Press, July 28, 2017.

TIME (7/27, Oaklander) reports on the prospects for ketamine to be a therapy for depression. Dr. Carlos Zarate, chief of the “experimental therapeutics and pathophysiology branch at the National Institute of Mental Health and one of the foremost researchers of ketamine,” said, “It’s been a paradigm shift, that now we can achieve rapid antidepressant effects. Now we know there’s something radically different.” But, “a task force from the American Psychiatric Association (APA) concluded in an issue of the medical journal JAMA Psychiatry that ketamine wasn’t ready to be widely used as a medication for treatment-resistant depression.”

Related Links:

— “New Hope for Depression,” Mandy Oaklander, Time, July 27, 2017.