Reuters (12/31, Rapaport) reports that a small magnetic resonance imaging study published online Dec. 8 in the Journal of Adolescent Health revealed that teenage participants who identified themselves as smokers had heightened responses in dopamine-rich brain regions after watching videos of actors smoking. According to the study authors, the maturing teenage dopamine system causes the brain as a whole to react more significantly to rewards and thrills, which may render adolescents more susceptible to addiction.

Related Links:

— “Teen smokers may be hard-wired to crave cigarettes,” Lisa Rapaport, Reuters, December 30, 2015.

In the US News & World Report (12/18) “Policy Dose” blog, Kristine A. Huskey, director of the Veterans’ Advocacy Law Clinic and a professor at the University of Arizona’s James E. Rogers College of Law, writes that for the past six year, some “22,000 post-9/11 service members have been discharged for misconduct even though they were diagnosed with or exhibited signs of post-traumatic stress, traumatic brain injury, anxiety disorder or other mental health illnesses,” despite the fact that Congress passed a law in 2009 “to prevent such discharges from occurring.” According to Huskey, “it is easier to discharge a soldier for misconduct than to evaluate them for conditions that may warrant a medical discharge with attached benefits…”

Related Links:

— “A Dishonorable Discharge Process,” Kristine A. Huskey, US News & World Report, December 17, 2015.

A study conducted by Army surgeon general Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho reveals that Army women “not only suffer more injuries than men during combat training, but the active-duty female soldiers also are stricken with significantly higher rates of mental health disorders,” such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, the Washington Times (12/18, Scarborough) reports. The study provides “a warning” to the Defense Department that it will need to “find better ways to prepare [women] physically and mentally” if the department is going to use them in combat roles.

Related Links:

— “Army women hurt more often in combat training, experience more mental health issues,” Rowan Scarborough, Washington Times, December 17, 2015.

The Military Times (12/18, Kime) reports that for the third year in a row, “suicides among active-duty members have remained relatively steady, which Pentagon officials say could indicate that suicide-awareness and -prevention programs are hitting their mark.” Data released by the Defense Department indicate that “275 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines took their own lives this year as of Dec. 15 – two more than in 2014 and 22 more than in 2013.” Still, “the relatively steady pattern following a peak of 321 in 2012 is encouraging news, Defense Suicide Prevention Office director Keita Franklin said in a Dec. 15 interview.”

Related Links:

— “Military suicides hold steady in 2015,” Patricia Kime, Military Times, December 17, 2015.

According to the New York Times (12/31, Bakalar) “Well” blog, a review published online Dec. 22 in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology suggests that psychotherapy may be “effective in easing the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome…even after therapy has ended.” After examining “data from 41 clinical trials that included 1,183 people assigned to psychotherapy and 1,107 controls,” investigators found that one year “after the end of treatment, 75 percent of the treatment group had greater symptom relief than the average member of the control group, although the benefits were modest.”

Related Links:

— “Psychotherapy May Have Lasting Benefits for Irritable Bowel Syndrome,” Nikolas Bakalar, New York Times, December , 2015.30

Reuters (12/31, Rapaport) reports that a small magnetic resonance imaging study published online Dec. 8 in the Journal of Adolescent Health revealed that teenage participants who identified themselves as smokers had heightened responses in dopamine-rich brain regions after watching videos of actors smoking. According to the study authors, the maturing teenage dopamine system causes the brain as a whole to react more significantly to rewards and thrills, which may render adolescents more susceptible to addiction.

Related Links:

— “Teen smokers may be hard-wired to crave cigarettes,” Lisa Rapaport, Reuters, December 30, 2015.

The Los Angeles Times (12/29, Kaplan) reports in “Science Now” that “even after overdosing on opioid medications, more than nine out of 10 patients continued to get prescriptions for the powerful” pain medicines, a study published online Dec. 29 in the Annals of Internal Medicine indicated. Consequently, some patients “went on to suffer another overdose,” the study of 2,848 opioid overdose patients found.

The CBS News (12/29, Marcus) website reports that “seventy percent received prescriptions from the same” healthcare professional “who prescribed opioids before their first overdose.” The study “only included patients on private insurance and did not take into account those on Medicare and Medicaid who might also be vulnerable to opioid overdoses, said” lead author Marc LaRochelle, MD. The research “was primarily of patients prescribed the powerful” medications “for musculoskeletal pain – such as lower back or knee pain, for example – not cancer patients.”

Related Links:

— “More than 90% of people who overdosed on prescription painkillers can still get refills, study says,” Karen Kaplan, Los Angeles Times, December 28, 2015.

The New York Times (12/25, A20, Bidgood, Subscription Publication) reported on a study by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on an outbreak of gun violence in Wilmington, DE. The Times said that shootings had gone up 45% between 2011 and 2013 and have remained stubbornly high.

The Times pointed out that researchers have called the study “a fairly rare look at gun violence by an agency that they say has been effectively limited for nearly two decades in pursuing that line of inquiry by its congressional appropriation.” The study concluded, “The majority of individuals involved in urban firearm violence are young men with substantial violence involvement preceding the more serious offense of a firearm crime.”

Related Links:

— “When Gun Violence Felt Like a Disease, a City in Delaware Turned to the C.D.C.,” Jesse Bidgood, , December 24, 2015.