MedPage Today (4/1, Bankhead) reports, “Parent behavior training (PBT) topped medication and other interventions for preschool children at risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD),” according to a review published online in the journal Pediatrics and sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. “Eight methodologically sound studies of PBT produced the best and most consistent strength of evidence for efficacy, with a standard mean difference (SMD) of -0.68, reported Alice Charach, MD, of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and colleagues.” But, “the investigators found only one good study of medical treatment with methylphenidate, resulting in a low strength of evidence, while combined home and school/daycare interventions yielded inconsistent results.”

Related Links:

— “Parent Training Tops Meds in ADHD, “Charles Bankhead, MedPage Today, April 1, 2013.

A front-page New York Times analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows a sharp increase in the numbers of US children being diagnosed for the first time with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). The figures indicate a 16% increase in AD/HD cases diagnosed since 2007 alone. In addition to the New York Times, one network news segment, numerous print publications and medical journals focus on the story, many of them questioning if overdiagnosis is behind the increased number of cases, and others concentrating on the fact that some medications for AD/HD may be misused or abused.

NBC Nightly News (4/1, story 2, 2:25, Williams, 7.86M) reported, “A stunning new assessment of national numbers came out today. … It’s about “the extraordinary number of cases” of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) now being diagnosed.” New figures “show a 16% rise in cases just since 2007,” begging the question whether the condition is being overdiagnosed.

On its front page, the New York Times (4/1, A1, Schwarz, Cohen, Subscription Publication, 1.68M) reported, “Nearly one in five high school age boys in the United States and 11 percent of school-age children over all have received a medical diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, according to new data from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” The data indicate that “an estimated 6.4 million children ages four through 17 had received an AD/HD diagnosis at some point in their lives.” Approximately “two-thirds of those with a current diagnosis receive prescriptions for stimulants like Ritalin [methylphenidate] or Adderall [amphetamine, dextroamphetamine mixed salts], which can drastically improve the lives of those with AD/HD, but can also lead to addiction, anxiety and occasionally psychosis.” For his part, CD Director Thomas R. Frieden, MD, “likened the rising rates of stimulant prescriptions among children to the overuse of pain medications and antibiotics in adults.”

The New York Daily News (4/2, Miller, 543K) reports, “The findings come from a cellphone and landline survey of more than 76,000 parents between February 2011 and June 2012.” Currently, “the American Psychiatric Association estimates in its…diagnostic manual that 3 to 7% of children have AD/HD, though other studies have calculated higher rates.” Dr. Xavier Castellanos, professor in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Child Study Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, said, “Many of these kids probably do have AD/HD, but my guess is that in some cases it is not the most appropriate or fitting diagnosis and that some things are being left out.”

The Deseret (UT) News (4/2, Baker, 105K) reports, “Doctors are concerned that the AD/HD diagnosis is overused, the Times said, and some say the rising number of diagnoses suggests that millions may be taking the medications to calm behavior and improve school performance.” Currently, “there is no single test to diagnose AD/HD, according to the CDC. Psychiatrists look for patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity before making a subjective judgment about the diagnosis.”

The Huffington Post (4/1, Pearson) reports, “The New York Times report on the CDC figures is not the only one in recent months to suggest that AD/HD diagnoses are on the rise. A January study in the Journal of the American Medical Association that relied on electronic records from 5 to 11 year olds treated at Kaiser Permanente in California found that the rate at which kids are being diagnosed with the disorder has increased by almost 25 percent in the past decade.” Now, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, AD/HD is “one of the most common childhood disorders.”

MedPage Today (4/2, Neale) reports, “The rise in diagnosis rates has been seen in other datasets, as well, and it may accelerate when the American Psychiatric Association releases the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) at its annual meeting in May.” In fact, “some of the proposed changes would open up the diagnosis of AD/HD to a greater number of children.”

Frieden: AD/HD medication misuse seems to be “growing at an alarming rate.” The CBS News (4/2, Castillo) website quotes CDC Director Frieden, who said, “The right medications for AD/HD, given to the right people, can make a huge difference. Unfortunately, misuse appears to be growing at an alarming rate.” Frieden called for the “need to ensure balance.”

In light of the potential for medication abuse for AD/HD and possible causes behind that, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (4/2, Downey, 263K) “Get Schooled” blog asks, “Are we over-diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity [disorder], especially in boys, because we have less tolerance of what were once understood and accepted as normal kid behaviors? Have we become a nation that spots a fidgety five-year-old and thinks a pill is the answer?” And, “are parents buying the pharmaceutical industry’s promise that it can turn a restless student into a focused scholar?”

Related Links:

— “A.D.H.D. Seen in 11% of U.S. Children as Diagnoses Rise, “Alan Schwarz , The New York Times, April 1, 2013.

Medscape (4/2, Lowes) reports, “One in three psychiatrists say they are burned out, but that makes them one of the more engaged, satisfied specialties in a profession with a serious case of the blues, according to the 2013 Medscape Physician Lifestyle Report. Fewer hassles with third-party payers and a greater sense of control over their work world may explain why a smaller percentage of psychiatrists walks around like extinguished matchsticks, say observers of the specialty.” Medscape notes, “among all physicians, nearly 40% experience at least one of three symptoms used to define burnout for the survey: a loss of enthusiasm for work, cynicism, and a low sense of accomplishment.”

The New York Times (4/2, A12, Markoff, Gorman, Subscription Publication) reports, “President Obama on Tuesday will announce a broad new research initiative, starting with $100 million in 2014, to invent and refine new technologies to understand the human brain, senior administration officials said Monday. … The effort will require the development of new tools not yet available to neuroscientists and, eventually, perhaps lead to progress in treating diseases like Alzheimer’s and epilepsy and traumatic brain injury.” The Times notes that “three government agencies will be involved: the National Institutes of Health, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the National Science Foundation.”

Related Links:

— “Obama to Unveil Initiative to Map the Human Brain, “John Markoff, The New York Times, April 2, 2013.

On its website and on its “All Things Considered” program, NPR (3/31) reported, “During the State of the Union, President Obama said the nation is about to embark on an ambitious project: to examine the human brain and create a road map to the trillions of connections that make it work.” So far, “details of the project have slowly been leaking out: $3 billion, 10 years of research and hundreds of scientists” in what the National Institutes of Health is calling the Brain Activity Map. “Much like the Human Genome Project a decade ago, scientists are hoping brain mapping will lead to new scientific advances and breakthroughs, and that perhaps it will even unlock the secrets of conditions such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease.”

Related Links:

— “Somewhere Over The Brainbow: The Journey To Map the Human Brain, “NPR Staff , NPR, March 31, 2013.

The Asbury Park (NJ) Press (3/31, Racioppi) reported that reparative therapy, also known as conversion therapy, “is on the brink of banishment in New Jersey. A bill outlawing such therapy for those under 18 is headed to the state Senate for a vote after its Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee passed the bill by a 7 to 1 vote March 18.” The piece also noted that the “American Psychiatric Association…and the American Medical Association are among the national organizations that either oppose or warn against reparative therapy.”

Related Links:

— “Conversion therapy exposes gay ‘culture war’, “Dustin Racioppi, The Asbury Park Press, March 31, 2013.

American Medical News (4/1, Lubell) reports, “Mental health professionals and other participants at a recent congressional forum said a dearth of trained physicians and the presence of too many regulatory barriers are some of the main factors preventing severely mentally ill children from getting the medical help they need.” On March 5, a “bipartisan forum was convened by Rep. Tim Murphy (R, Pa.), who chairs the House Energy and Commerce oversight and investigations subcommittee, to discuss what federal resources might be needed to prevent another incident such as the mass killings at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn.” In particular, “the forum focused on severely mentally ill individuals who could be prone to violence but who often don’t receive the timely treatments available to those with other medical emergencies.”

Related Links:

— “More trained clinicians, research urged for mentally ill, “Jennifer Lubell, Amednews, April 1, 2013.

MedPage Today (4/2, Bankhead) reports, “Children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are at significantly increased risk of behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, attention problems, aggressiveness, and reduced social competency,” according to a 263-child study published in the April issue of the journal Sleep. “As compared with children who had no history of sleep disordered breathing, those with the condition were seven times more likely to meet cutoff scores on a validated index of behavioral symptoms and for the hyperactivity subscale,” the study found. In fact, “sleep disordered breathing doubled and tripled the odds of threshold scores on most assessments, including social interaction, communication, self-care, and adaptive behavior, Michelle M. Perfect, PhD, of the University of Arizona in Tucson, and co-authors reported.”

Related Links:

— “Sleep Disordered Breathing Takes Toll on Kids, “Charles Bankhead, MedPage Today, April 1, 2013.

A front-page New York Times analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows a sharp increase in the numbers of US children being diagnosed for the first time with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). The figures indicate a 16% increase in AD/HD cases diagnosed since 2007 alone. In addition to the New York Times, one network news segment, numerous print publications and medical journals focus on the story, many of them questioning if overdiagnosis is behind the increased number of cases, and others concentrating on the fact that some medications for AD/HD may be misused or abused.

NBC Nightly News (4/1, story 2, 2:25, Williams) reported, “A stunning new assessment of national numbers came out today. … It’s about “the extraordinary number of cases” of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) now being diagnosed.” New figures “show a 16% rise in cases just since 2007,” begging the question whether the condition is being overdiagnosed.

USA Today (3/29, Szabo) reports, “A new study finds that children who receive the full schedule of vaccinations have no increased risk of autism.” The study, which appears “today in the Journal of Pediatrics, is the latest of more than 20 studies showing no connection between autism and vaccines, given either individually or as part of the standard schedule. The paper is the first to consider not just the number of vaccines, but a child’s total exposure to the substances inside vaccines that trigger an immune response.”

Related Links:

— “Full vaccine schedule safe for kids, no link to autism, “Liz Szabo, USA Today, March 29, 2013.