The NBC News (10/17, Stokes) “Vitals” blog reports, “Alcoholism may be twice as fatal for women as for men, according to a” study published online Oct. 16 in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. After examining data on 4,070 individuals in Germany, all of whom were asked about their alcohol use, then following the group for 14 years, researchers found that “nearly a fifth of the alcoholics had died.”

HealthDay (10/17, Reinberg) quotes the study’s lead author, who explained in a statement, “First, we found that annualized death rates were 4.6-fold higher for females and 1.9-fold higher for males compared to the age- and gender-specific general population.” Next, “we found that the mean age at death was 60 for females and 58 for males, both of which are about 20 years lower than the mean age at death among the general population.” Notably, “drinking appears to contribute more to early death than other risk factors, such as smoking, he noted.” The Daily Mail (UK) (10/17, Preece) also covers the story.

Small Study: Two Weeks Of Abstinence May Reverse Brain Damage From Alcohol Abuse. HealthDay (10/17, Dallas) reports, “Two weeks of abstinence from drinking can reverse damage to the brain caused by chronic alcohol abuse,” according to a study published online Oct. 16 in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. Researchers arrived at this conclusion after examining “49 alcoholics from an inpatient alcohol-withdrawal treatment program,” then comparing them to 55 controls who did not abuse alcohol. Brain scans were conducted on all participants within 24 hours of detoxification and repeated “after two weeks of supervised abstinence.”

Related Links:

— “Alcoholism Shortens Life More Than Smoking: Study, “Steven Reinberg, HealthDay, October 16, 2012.

MedPage Today (10/17, Fiore) reports that “enlisting anesthesiologists’ significant others to keep a watchful eye may help reduce substance abuse among their partners, researchers” said during an oral session at the American Society of Anesthesiologists. MedPage Today notes that “about 85% of significant others — most of whom had been through a training program — felt they could identify signs of drug abuse among their anesthesiologist partners, according to Shahla Escobar, MD, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and colleagues.” Escobar remarked, “helping them recognize the signs of substance abuse may have a salutary effect on the overall well-being of residents.”

Related Links:

— “If Docs Abuse Drugs, Spouses Can Help Spot It, “Kristina Fiore, Medpage Today, October 16, 2012.

The Wall Street Journal (10/17, D3, Shellenbarger, Subscription Publication) explains why so many teens are night owls. In adolescence, the release of the hormone melatonin, which induces sleep, is delayed by about 90 minutes. At the same time, teens do not become sleepy as early as they did when they were younger children. In addition, adolescents lose sensitivity to morning light while at the same time reacting more to nighttime lighting conditions. And, if biology were not enough, many young people succumb to the temptations of late night TV viewing and computer use, making it even more difficult to get up in the morning. The article also points out that just 7.6% of US adolescents actually sleep for a recommended nine or 10 hours, according to a study conducted by CDC researchers last year.

Small study: Even a little extra sleep may help children behave better in school. Reuters (10/17, Seaman) reports that according to a study (10/17) published online Oct. 15 in the journal Pediatrics, allowing children to sleep even 30 minutes longer may result in better behavior in school. The study of 33 youngsters ranging in age from seven to 11 who were followed over the course of two weeks also revealed that when children did not get enough sleep, they demonstrated more tearful and frustrated behavior and lost their temper more often. The piece also points out that according to the US National Institutes of Health, children in this age group need about 10 hours of sleep per night.

Related Links:

— “Understanding the Zombie Teen’s Body Clock, “Sue Shellenbarger, The Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2012.

HealthDay (10/16, Preidt) reports that “illicit drug use has declined in most large US cities in recent years, but prescription drug abuse has increased, a new study shows.” According to the article, “the data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network was separated into two types of drug abuse: prescription drugs such as the pain medication OxyContin and illegal street drugs such as heroin and cocaine.” HealthDay details that “from 2007 to 2009, there was an 8 percent decline in overall emergency department visits for street drug abuse, while overall visits for prescription drug abuse increased two percent.” The findings of the study were expected to be presented this week at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, in Washington, DC.

In contrast, the Bend (OR) Bulletin (10/16, Conrad) notes that “federal drug officials recently reported that abuse of prescription drugs is on the decline nationally.” According to the article, “the Department of Health and Human Services noted that the number of adults ages 18 and 25 who abuse prescription drugs dropped by 14 percent, from 2 million to 1.7 million, in 2011.”

Related Links:

— “Drop in Illicit Drug Use in Cities, Uptick in Prescription Drug Abuse, “Robert Preidt, HealthDay, October 15, 2012.

he NPR (10/16, Hamilton) “Shots” blog reports, “Researchers at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in New Orleans presented studies showing how stress caused by everything from battlefield trauma to bullying can alter brain circuitry in ways that have long-term effects on mental health.” For example, “one way traumatic events appear to cause depression is by inhibiting the brain’s so-called reward system.” Yet “another way stress affects mental health is by releasing chemicals that impair the function of the prefrontal cortex, which is where higher level thought takes place,” another study found.

Related Links:

— “Brain Scientists Uncover New Links Between Stress And Depression, “Jon Hamilton, NPR, Ocober 15, 2012.