The Wall Street Journal (10/17, D3, Shellenbarger, Subscription Publication) explains why so many teens are night owls. In adolescence, the release of the hormone melatonin, which induces sleep, is delayed by about 90 minutes. At the same time, teens do not become sleepy as early as they did when they were younger children. In addition, adolescents lose sensitivity to morning light while at the same time reacting more to nighttime lighting conditions. And, if biology were not enough, many young people succumb to the temptations of late night TV viewing and computer use, making it even more difficult to get up in the morning. The article also points out that just 7.6% of US adolescents actually sleep for a recommended nine or 10 hours, according to a study conducted by CDC researchers last year.

Small study: Even a little extra sleep may help children behave better in school. Reuters (10/17, Seaman) reports that according to a study (10/17) published online Oct. 15 in the journal Pediatrics, allowing children to sleep even 30 minutes longer may result in better behavior in school. The study of 33 youngsters ranging in age from seven to 11 who were followed over the course of two weeks also revealed that when children did not get enough sleep, they demonstrated more tearful and frustrated behavior and lost their temper more often. The piece also points out that according to the US National Institutes of Health, children in this age group need about 10 hours of sleep per night.

Related Links:

— “Understanding the Zombie Teen’s Body Clock, “Sue Shellenbarger, The Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2012.

HealthDay (10/16, Preidt) reports that “illicit drug use has declined in most large US cities in recent years, but prescription drug abuse has increased, a new study shows.” According to the article, “the data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network was separated into two types of drug abuse: prescription drugs such as the pain medication OxyContin and illegal street drugs such as heroin and cocaine.” HealthDay details that “from 2007 to 2009, there was an 8 percent decline in overall emergency department visits for street drug abuse, while overall visits for prescription drug abuse increased two percent.” The findings of the study were expected to be presented this week at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, in Washington, DC.

In contrast, the Bend (OR) Bulletin (10/16, Conrad) notes that “federal drug officials recently reported that abuse of prescription drugs is on the decline nationally.” According to the article, “the Department of Health and Human Services noted that the number of adults ages 18 and 25 who abuse prescription drugs dropped by 14 percent, from 2 million to 1.7 million, in 2011.”

Related Links:

— “Drop in Illicit Drug Use in Cities, Uptick in Prescription Drug Abuse, “Robert Preidt, HealthDay, October 15, 2012.

he NPR (10/16, Hamilton) “Shots” blog reports, “Researchers at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in New Orleans presented studies showing how stress caused by everything from battlefield trauma to bullying can alter brain circuitry in ways that have long-term effects on mental health.” For example, “one way traumatic events appear to cause depression is by inhibiting the brain’s so-called reward system.” Yet “another way stress affects mental health is by releasing chemicals that impair the function of the prefrontal cortex, which is where higher level thought takes place,” another study found.

Related Links:

— “Brain Scientists Uncover New Links Between Stress And Depression, “Jon Hamilton, NPR, Ocober 15, 2012.

In a special piece for the Washington Post (10/16), Paul Gionfriddo, a former Connecticut legislator who has worked for more than 30 years in the fields of health and mental health policy and the father of a son with schizophrenia, writes, “We legislators in Connecticut and many other states made a series of critical misjudgments” during the 1980s when the state emptied many of the mental hospitals. For instance, “we didn’t adequately fund community agencies to meet new demands for community mental health services — ultimately forcing our county jails to fill the void.” In addition, “we didn’t realize how important it would be to create collaborations among educators, primary-care clinicians, mental-health professionals, social-services [professionals], even members of the criminal justice system, to give people with serious mental illnesses a reasonable chance of living successfully in the community.”

Related Links:

— “My son is schizophrenic. The ‘reforms’ that I worked for have worsened his life., “Paul Gionfriddo, The Washington Post, October 15, 2012.

CQ (10/12, McGlade, Subscription Publication) reported on new laws across the country “that crack down on concussion awareness and treatment” in youth sports. The laws, passed in about 30 states and DC over the last three years, govern “what protocols must be followed when a player receives a blow to the head and what education grown ups must get to better be able to spot and prevent such injuries.” The article notes that most laws are based upon the one Washington state passed in 2009.

Poll Shows Parents Often Don’t Seek Treatment For Concussions In Children. HealthDay (10/12) reported, “only half of US adults who thought they or their children might have a concussion sought medical treatment,” according to a new survey from the American Osteopathic Association. According to the article, this finding “suggests many people do not understand the seriousness of a potential concussion.”

Study Finds Concussion Treatment Standards For College Athletics “Inconsistent.” HealthDay (10/15) reported on new research which found that “standards used to diagnose concussion in college athletes are inconsistent and require clearer definitions and better tools to make the diagnosis.” The five-year study, published Oct. 2 in the Journal of Neurosurgery, “included 450 male and female athletes who played on football and hockey teams at three major US universities: Brown University, Dartmouth College and Virginia Tech.”

Related Links:

— “Parents May Be Taking Concussion Symptoms Too Lightly: Survey, “Robert Preidt, HealthDay, October 12, 2012.